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TIME: Almanac 1993
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TIME Almanac 1993.iso
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1993-04-08
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THE WEEK, Page 20HEALTH & SCIENCEFamily Planning Reaches the Forest
A contraceptive vaccine could lick the deer overpopulation
problem
To city dwellers, wild deer are perhaps the ultimate symbol
of bucolic country life. But for many who live in the country and
the suburbs, the animals are little better than rats with
hooves, pests that voraciously eat gardens and crops, collide
with cars and play host to ticks that carry Lyme disease. From a
turn-of-the-century low of 500,000, white-tailed deer in the
continental U.S. have rebounded to a population of 25 million --
about as many as there were before hunting, land-clearing
Europeans colonized America -- and that is just too many to
coexist comfortably with modern society. Still, simply killing
off the excess raises questions of safety and ethics,
especially in the suburbs.
Now researchers working with the Humane Society of the
U.S. are trying a kinder, gentler approach: birth control. Led
by Jay Kirkpatrick, a biologist at Eastern Montana College,
they are rounding up wild does at the National Zoo's research
center in Front Royal, Virginia, and inoculating them with what
amounts to an antipregnancy vaccine. Developed by Kirkpatrick
and two other scientists, the technique, known as
immunocontraception, involves injecting a protein extracted from
the reproductive system of a pig. In making antibodies to attack
the foreign pig protein, the deer's immune system also attacks
the doe's own, very similar protein. The result is temporary
sterility.
Immunocontraception has already been field-tested
successfully with wild horses on Assateague Island, off
Maryland. If this and other planned tests work equally well, the
vaccine could become the method of choice for controlling
booming deer populations. It could even, in theory, be used as
a one-shot, long-lasting human contraceptive as well.